Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, is a public institution under the supervision of the National Health Commission. It is a general and teaching-oriented hospital attached to Fudan University. The hospital opened in 1937 and is one of the earliest large-scale general hospitals established and managed by Chinese health professionals. Zhongshan Hospital currently covers an area of 96000 square meters, the total floor area of 358000 square meters, with approved 2005 beds. The number of outpatient and emergency visits reached more than 4 million, and the number of discharged patients exceeded 150000. The hospital has more than 4000 staff members, including 2 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and more than 600 professionals with senior titles. The hospital has all the departments and they are strong in terms of comprehensive strength. The diagnosis and treatment of heart, liver, kidney and lung diseases is the focus and characteristic of the hospital, and the diagnosis and treatment level is in the leading position in China. The hospital has 18 national clinical key specialty construction projects: digestive department, laboratory department, anesthesiology department, cardiovascular department, endocrine department, thoracic surgery, cardiac macrovascular surgery, clinical nursing, traditional Chinese medicine encephalopathy department, respiratory department, renal department, General surgery, intensive Medicine, Oncology, Medical Imaging, Organ Transplantation, Emergency Medicine and Neurology; in addition, it also has one national difficult disease diagnosis and treatment ability enhancement project: the cardio-cerebrovascular disease; Shanghai clinical medicine center (the most important) that covers the following 3 areas : cardiovascular disease, liver tumor and kidney disease; There are 8 clinical quality control centers in Shanghai: nosocomial infection, ultrasonic diagnosis, respiratory medicine, cardiovascular medicine, thoracic and card.